Political rhetoric in the 19th century often focused on the renewing power of youth influenced by movements such as Young Italy, Young Germany, Sturm und Drang, the German Youth Movement, and other romantic movements. This encouraged the equation of youth with social renewal and change. The increasing prevalence of enlightenment ideas encouraged the idea that society and life were changeable, and that civilization could progress. One was a change in mentality about time and social change. These trends were all related to the processes of modernisation, industrialisation, or westernisation, which had been changing the face of Europe since the mid-18th century. Several trends promoted a new idea of generations, as the 19th century wore on, of a society divided into different categories of people based on age. In 1863, French lexicographer Emile Littré had defined a generation as "all people coexisting in society at any given time." : 19 Prior to that the concept "generation" had generally referred to family relationships and not broader social groupings. The idea of a social generation has a long history and can be found in ancient literature, but did not gain currency in the sense that it is used today until the 19th century. Social generations are cohorts of people born in the same date range and who share similar cultural experiences. Coalitions in families are subsystems within families with more rigid boundaries and are thought to be a sign of family dysfunction. Īn intergenerational rift in the nuclear family, between the parents and two or more of their children, is one of several possible dynamics of a dysfunctional family. Conversely, in less-developed nations, generation length has changed little and remains in the low 20s. These changes can be attributed to social factors, such as GDP and state policy, globalization, automation, and related individual-level variables, particularly a woman's educational attainment. Factors such as greater industrialisation and demand for cheap labour, urbanisation, delayed first pregnancy and a greater uncertainty in both employment income and relationship stability have all contributed to the increase of the generation length from the late 18th century to the present. In developed nations the average familial generation length is in the high 20s and has even reached 30 years in some nations. Three generations of an Eastern Orthodox priest family from Jerusalem, circa 1893Ī familial generation is a group of living beings constituting a single step in the line of descent from an ancestor. The word generation as a group or cohort in social science signifies the entire body of individuals born and living at about the same time, most of whom are approximately the same age and have similar ideas, problems, and attitudes (e.g., Beat Generation and Lost Generation). The word generate comes from the Latin generāre, meaning "to beget". Some analysts believe that a generation is one of the fundamental social categories in a society, while others view its importance as being overshadowed by other factors including class, gender, race, and education. Serious analysis of generations began in the nineteenth century, emerging from an increasing awareness of the possibility of permanent social change and the idea of youthful rebellion against the established social order. Generation is also often used synonymously with birth/age cohort in demographics, marketing, and social science under this formulation it means "people within a delineated population who experience the same significant events within a given period of time." Generations in this sense of birth cohort, also known as "social generations", are widely used in popular culture, and have been the basis for sociological analysis. It is known as biogenesis, reproduction, or procreation in the biological sciences. It can also be described as, "the average period, generally considered to be about 20–30 years, during which children are born and grow up, become adults, and begin to have children." In kinship terminology, it is a structural term designating the parent-child relationship. (2008)Ī generation refers to all of the people born and living at about the same time, regarded collectively. Four generations of one family: a baby boy, his mother, his maternal grandmother, and his maternal great-grandmother.
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